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Too much caffeine during pregnancy may damage baby's liver

孕期攝入過多咖啡因可能會使嬰兒肝臟受損

上海譯銳翻譯   2019-7-29     11:00 a.m.

Having too much caffeine during pregnancy may impair baby's liver development and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood, according to a study published in the Journal of Endocrinology. Pregnant rats given caffeine had offspring with lower birth weights, altered growth and stress hormone levels and impaired liver development. The study findings indicate that consumption of caffeine equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee may alter stress and growth hormone levels in a manner that can impair growth and development, and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood.

根據發表在《哈佛大學心臟通訊》中的一篇研究論文，孕期攝入過多咖啡因可能會對嬰兒的肝臟發育造成破壞并增加嬰兒在成年時期患肝病的風險。在懷孕期間被喂食咖啡因的大鼠所產下的后代體重更低、生長和壓力荷爾蒙水平有所改變且肝臟的發育亦會受損。研究結果表明，每天喝2到3杯咖啡所攝入的咖啡因可能會造成壓力和生長荷爾蒙水平的改變并會對生長和發育造成損害，并增加在成年時期患肝病的風險。

Previous studies have indicated that prenatal caffeine intake of 300 mg/day or more in women, which is approximately 2 to 3 cups coffee per day, can result in lower birth weights of their children. Animal studies have further suggested that prenatal caffeine consumption may have more detrimental long-term effects on liver development with an increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a debilitating condition normally associated with obesity and diabetes. However, the underlying link between prenatal caffeine exposure and impaired liver development remains poorly understood. A better understanding of how caffeine mediates these effects could help prevent these health issues in people in the future.

此前的研究表明，產前每天攝入300mg或更多的咖啡因（相當于每天喝2-3杯咖啡）可能會導致嬰兒出生體重偏低。動物研究進一步表明，產前咖啡因的攝入可能會對肝臟發育產生更多長期不利影響，具體包括更容易患上非酒精性脂肪肝、通常由于肥胖和糖尿病所導致的身體虛弱。盡管如此，人們對產前咖啡因的攝入和肝臟發育受損之間內在的聯系仍然知之甚少。更深入地理解咖啡因會如何產生這些影響可以幫助人們在未來避免這類健康問題。

Susceptibility：易感性

fatty liver：脂肪肝

In this study, Prof Hui Wang and colleagues at Wuhan University in China, investigated the effects of low (equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee) and high doses (equivalent of 6-9 cups of coffee) caffeine, given to pregnant rats, on liver function and hormone levels of their offspring. Offspring exposed to prenatal caffeine had lower levels of the liver hormone, insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), and higher levels of the stress hormone, corticosteroid at birth. However, liver development after birth showed a compensatory 'catch up' phase, characterised by increased levels of IGF-1, which is important for growth.

在該項研究中，中國武漢大學的Hui Wang教授和他的同事們研究了向懷孕大鼠喂食低劑量（等于2-3杯咖啡）和高劑量（6-9杯咖啡）咖啡因后，咖啡因對其后代的肝功能和荷爾蒙水平所造成的影響。在產前接觸過咖啡因的大鼠后代出生后的肝臟荷爾蒙水平和胰島素樣生長因子更低，而壓力荷爾蒙--(腎上腺)皮質激素的水平更高。然而，出生后的肝臟發育表現出補償性的‘追趕’階段并伴隨有IGF-1水平升高（其對生長具有重要意義）。

insulin like growth factor：胰島素樣生長因子

Dr Yinxian Wen, study co-author, says, "Our results indicate that prenatal caffeine causes an excess of stress hormone activity in the mother, which inhibits IGF-1 activity for liver development before birth. However, compensatory mechanisms do occur after birth to accelerate growth and restore normal liver function, as IGF-1 activity increases and stress hormone signalling decreases. The increased risk of fatty liver disease caused by prenatal caffeine exposure is most likely a consequence of this enhanced, compensatory postnatal IGF-1 activity."

研究論文的合著者Yinxian博士表示：“我們的結果表明，產前攝入咖啡因會導致母親體內壓力荷爾蒙活性過高，并會在嬰兒出生前對肝臟發育起作用的IGF-1活性造成抑制。但是，補償性機制確實會在出生后出現，以加速肝臟的生長并恢復正常的肝功能，因此IGF-1活性增加，同時壓力荷爾蒙信號減少。由于產前攝入咖啡因而導致脂肪肝風險增加更可能是產后補償性的IGF-1活性增強的結果。”

These findings not only confirm that prenatal caffeine exposure leads to lower birth weight and impaired liver development before birth but also expand our current understanding of the hormonal changes underlying these changes and suggest the potential mechanism for increased risk of liver disease in the future. However, these animal findings need to be confirmed in humans.

這些結果不僅證實，產前攝入咖啡因會導致嬰兒出生體重偏低，同時還會破壞胎兒的肝臟發育，同時這些結果還讓我們更加了解這些變化背后的荷爾蒙變化并讓我們了解到未來增加肝病風險的潛在機制。盡管如此，動物實驗的研究結果仍有待在人類中證實。

Dr Wen comments, "Our work suggests that prenatal caffeine is not good for babies and although these findings still need to be confirmed in people, I would recommend that women avoid caffeine during pregnancy."

Wen博士評論稱：“我們的研究表明，產前攝入咖啡因對胎兒不利。盡管這些研究結果仍然需要在人類中證實，我還是建議孕期媽咪避免攝入咖啡因。”

文章來源：科學日報    編輯：Susan