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Vegetarians might have higher risk of stroke than meat eaters, study says 研究表明，素食者可能比食肉者更容易中風 上海譯銳翻譯 2019-9-5 13:20 (CNN)Non-meat diets have soared in popularity with many people ditching beef, pork and chicken in pursuit of health and environmental?benefits and concerns about animal welfare. 隨著許多人為了健康、環境以及動物的幸福而放棄牛肉、豬肉和雞肉，非肉飲食一下子備受追捧。 ditch：擺脫；拋棄；丟棄 However, a new study suggests that vegetarians and vegans may be at a higher risk of stroke than their meat-eating counterparts -- although those who don't eat meat have a lower chance of coronary heart disease, according to the new paper, published in the medical journal the BMJ on Wednesday. 然而，周三在醫療期刊《英國醫學雜志》發表的一篇新論文中的一項新研究表明，盡管不吃肉的人群患冠心病的幾率更低，但是素食者以及嚴格吃素者與吃肉者相比，可能更容易患上中風。 vegan：嚴格素食者 coronary heart disease：冠心病 "It does seem that the lower risk of coronary heart diseases does exceed the higher risk of stroke, if we look at the absolute numbers," said lead researcher Tammy Tong, a nutritional epidemiologist at the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford. 領先研究者，Tammy Tong，牛津大學納菲爾德人口健康系的營養流行病學家表示：“從絕對數量上來看，低風險的冠心病似乎確實超過了高風險的中風。” This is the first study to look at the risk of stroke in vegetarians, said Tong. The research found that vegetarians and vegans had a 20% higher risk of stroke than meat-eaters, particularly hemorrhagic stroke -- caused when blood from an artery begins to bleed into the brain. This translates to 3 more cases of stroke per 1,000 people over 10 years. 這是首次了解素食主義者中風風險的研究，Tong說。研究發現，素食者和嚴格素食者中風的風險，特別是出血性中風的風險，要比食肉者高出20%。出血性中風是由動脈中的血開始流入腦部所引起。在10年多的時間里，每1000人中，就會有超過3例中風患者。 hemorrhagic stroke：出血性中風 The exact reasons for this higher risk found in vegetarians are not clear, said Tong. It is possible that this is due to "very low cholesterol levels or very low levels of some nutrients," she said. 素食者主義者更容易中風的原因還不明確，Tong說。可能是由于“膽固醇水平太低或某些營養物質過少”而引起的。 cholesterol：膽固醇 "There is some evidence which suggests that very low cholesterol levels might be associated with a slightly higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke," she said. Similarly, other research points to deficiencies of some nutrients, like vitamin B12, may be linked to a higher risk of stroke, said Tong. 她表示：“部分證據表明，極低的膽固醇含量可能與出血性中風風險稍微增高有關。同樣，其他研究發現某些營養物質的缺乏，比如維生素B12，可能也與中風風險增加有關。” Still, some researchers were skeptical of the stroke finding. 仍然有部分學者對中風研究結果持懷疑態度。 The research shows that people who cut out meat from their diet are significantly healthier than meat eaters, Dr. Malcolm Finlay, consultant cardiologist at Barts Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, told the Science Media Center. Malcolm Finlay博士，倫敦大學瑪麗皇后學院Barts心臟中心的心臟病專家顧問，告知科學媒介中心，“研究顯示，將肉類從飲食中去掉的人們明顯比食肉者更加健康”。 But he said the study put "too much weight on a complex statistical method to try and correct for the fact that the vegetarians were very much healthier than meat eaters." 但是，他認為，研究把太多重心放在復雜的統計方式上面以嘗試扭轉素食主義者要比肉食者主義者健康得多的事實。 "While this method can say the risk of stroke isn't as low as one might expect it to be in vegetarians considering how much healthier they are in general compared to meat-eaters, their overall risk of a major life-changing cardiovascular event happening still appears much lower," said Finlay, who was not involved in the study. Finlay表示：“盡管這一方法可以說明，素食者主義者中風的風險并非像人們可能預想的那樣低（考慮到素食主義者與食肉者相比總體要更加健康），但是他們患上導致生活發生重大改變的心血管疾病的總體風險似乎仍然要低得多。” Finlay本人并未參與該研究。 No significantly higher rate of stroke for pescetarians 食魚者患中風的概率沒有明顯增加 pescetarian：食魚者 Tong's research team followed more than 48,000 people in UK with an average age of 45, who were grouped into meat eaters (24,428), pescetarians (7,506), and vegetarians, including vegans (16,254). Participants were tracked on average for 18 years and during the study period there were were 2,820 cases of coronary heart disease and 1,072 cases of stroke. Tong的研究團隊對英國平均年齡在45歲的、超過4.8萬名被研究者進行跟蹤研究。被研究者被分為食肉者（24,428）、食魚者（7,506）和素食者，包括嚴格素食主義者。跟蹤調查研究的平均時間為18年。在研究期間，出現2820例冠心病和1072例中風。 The study calculations took into account influential factors, such as smoking or physical activity. 研究在計算時還考慮了吸煙或體育活動等具有影響力的因素。 People following a pescetarian diet did not have a significantly higher rate of stroke, the study found. 研究發現，只吃魚的人群患中風的風險并未明顯增加。 This could be because fish-eaters' cholesterol levels are not as low as the vegetarians', explained Tong. They are also unlikely to be vitamin B12 deficient, "because you can get some B12 from fish and other animal products that they do eat," she said. Tong的解釋是，這可能是因為吃魚的人的膽固醇水平并不像素食者那么低。他們同樣不太可能缺乏維生素B12，“因為你可以從魚和其他動物食品中獲得一些B12”。 Whereas "vegetarians and vegans have very low consumption of animal products, the only way they can get B12 is from either supplements or fortified foods," she added. 但是，“素食者和嚴格素食者所攝入的動物類產品非常低，那么他們獲取B12的唯一途徑就是補充劑物或強化食品。” Vegetarians have lower risk of heart disease 素食者患心臟病的風險更低 Vegetarians (including vegans) were found to have a 22% lower risk of coronary heart disease than meat eaters by the research team. This equates to 10 fewer cases of coronary heart disease among vegetarians than in meat-eaters per 1,000 people over 10 years. 研究團隊發現，素食者（包括嚴格素食者）患冠心病的概率要比食肉者低22%。這相當于，在超過10年的時間里，在每一千人當中，素食者中患冠心病的患者要比食肉者少10個。 Pescetarians had a 13% lower risk of coronary heart disease than meat-eaters, shows the study. 研究表明，食魚者患冠心病的風險要比食肉者低13%。 The researchers suggest that this finding could be due to vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians having a lower BMI and lower rates of high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. 研究人員認為，這一研究結果可能是由于嚴格素食者、素食者以及食魚者的BMI更低、患高血壓、高血膽固醇和糖尿病的概率也更低。 Heart disease is more common than hemorrhagic stroke, meaning vegetarians had better overall cardiovascular health outcomes despite a higher stroke risk, Stephen Burgess, group leader at the MRC Biostatistics Unit at the University of Cambridge, told the Science Media Center. 心臟病要比出血性中風更常見，盡管素食者中風的風險更高，但這意味著素食者的心血管總體更健康，Stephen Burgess，劍橋大學MRC生物統計學部小組負責人向科學媒介中心介紹道。 "While the differences observed were small in magnitude, this study suggests that taking up a vegetarian diet may not be universally beneficial for all health outcomes," said Burgess, who was not involved in the study. Burgess表示：“盡管所觀察到的差別在量值上并不明顯，但這一研究表明，食素飲食并非對所有健康都有好處。”Burgess并未參與本次研究。 "When considering cardiovascular health, switching to a vegetarian diet should not be seen as an end in itself, but should be considered alongside additional dietary and lifestyle changes." “當涉及到心血管健康，不應將開始食素本身作為目的，而應該將其作為附加的飲食和生活方式轉變。” More research needed 需要更進一步研究 In an?editorial?that also published in BMJ, professors Mark Lawrence and Sarah McNaughton from Deakin University in Australia wrote that the results may not apply to all vegetarians globally. 在一篇也發表在《英國醫學周刊》中的社論中,澳大利亞迪肯大學的Mark Lawrence和Sarah McNaughton教授寫道，研究可能并非適用于全球所有的食素者。 "Participants were all from the United Kingdom where dietary patterns and other lifestyle behaviors are likely to differ from those prevalent in low and middle income countries, where most of the world's vegetarians live," wrote Lawrence and McNaughton, who were not involved in the study. Lawrence和McNaughton在社論中寫道，“參與者全部來自于英國，其飲食習慣和其他生活方式也很可能與中低收入國家中占全球絕大多數的食素者所不同”。Lawrence和McNaughton并未參與本次研究。 Tracy Parker, senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, said the study provided further evidence that plant-based foods can lower risk the of heart disease. Tracy Parker，英國心臟基金會高級營養學家表示，研究通過更多的證據進一步證明植物性食物能夠減少患心臟病的風險。 "However, it also found that vegetarians, including vegans, are at a higher risk of stroke than meat eaters - potentially due to lack of certain nutrients," she said in an email. She also was not involved in the research. “但是，研究也發現，素食者，包括嚴格的素食者患中風的風險要比食肉者高，這可能是由于缺乏某些營養物質所導致”，她在電子郵件中如此寫道。Tracy也未參與該研究。 "Whilst this is an interesting finding, this study is observational and doesn't provide us with enough evidence, so more research in this area would be needed." “盡管這是一項有趣的研究發現，但是研究僅觀察到具體情況，并未提供充分的證據。因此該領域還需要更加深入的研究。” The study authors also noted that further research was needed and said that the findings were based on a largely white European population. 研究作者也注意到，還需要進一步研究并表示，研究結果來自于歐洲白人。 "Additional studies in other large scale cohorts with a high proportion of non-meat eaters are needed to confirm the generalizability of these results and assess their relevance for clinical practice and public health," Tong said. “我們需要在其他素食者占比更多的地區展開更多研究，以證實這些結果的普遍性并對其與臨床實踐和公眾健康的相關性進行評估”，Tong表示。 文章來源：CNN 編輯：Susan