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A short bout of exercise enhances brain function

短時(shí)鍛煉可以提升大腦功能

上海譯銳翻譯   2019-7-4      14:07 p.m.

Researchers discover a gene in mice that's activated by brief periods of exercise

研究人員在老鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)，短暫的鍛煉可以激活某種基因

Most people know that regular exercise is good for your health. New research shows it may make you smarter, too.

絕大多數(shù)人都知道，定期鍛煉對健康有好處。新的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，定期鍛煉除了對健康有好處外，還會(huì)讓你變得更加聰明。

Neuroscientists at OHSU in Portland, Oregon, working with mice, have discovered that a short burst of exercise directly boosts the function of a gene that increases connections between neurons in the hippocampus, the region of the brain associated with learning and memory.

俄勒岡波特蘭的俄勒岡健康科學(xué)大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)科學(xué)家在老鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)，短時(shí)的鍛煉可以直接促進(jìn)一種基因的功能。這種基因可以增加海馬體中神經(jīng)元之間的聯(lián)系。海馬體是大腦中與學(xué)習(xí)和記憶有關(guān)的一個(gè)區(qū)域。

Hippocampus[?h?p?'k?mp?s]：海馬（大腦中被認(rèn)為是感情和記憶中心的部分）

Neuron['n?.rɑn]：神經(jīng)元

The research is published online in the journal eLife.

研究報(bào)告發(fā)表在電子版雜志eLife上。

"Exercise is cheap, and you don't necessarily need a fancy gym membership or have to run 10 miles a day," said co-senior author Gary Westbrook, M.D., senior scientist at the OHSU Vollum Institute and Dixon Professor of Neurology in the OHSU School of Medicine.

聯(lián)合資深作者、醫(yī)學(xué)博士、俄亥俄健康科學(xué)大學(xué)沃勒姆學(xué)院資深科學(xué)家Gary Westbrook和俄亥俄醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)學(xué)教授Dixon表示：“鍛煉是一種非常經(jīng)濟(jì)的手段。你不用非得擁有一個(gè)炫酷的健身會(huì)員卡或一天跑10英里。”

Previous research in animals and in people shows that regular exercise promotes general brain health. However, it's hard to untangle the overall benefits of exercise to the heart, liver and muscles from the specific effect on the brain. For example, a healthy heart oxygenates the whole body, including the brain.

此前針對動(dòng)物和人類的研究表明定期鍛煉會(huì)促進(jìn)大腦健康。然而，我們很難從鍛煉對大腦的具體影響中判斷鍛煉對心臟、肝臟以及肌肉的總體益處。比如說，健康的心臟會(huì)為全身，包括大腦供氧。

Untangle：理清、弄清

"Previous studies of exercise almost all focus on sustained exercise," Westbrook said. "As neuroscientists, it's not that we don't care about the benefits on the heart and muscles but we wanted to know the brain-specific benefit of exercise."

Westbrook表示：“此前針對鍛煉的研究幾乎都集中在可持續(xù)的鍛煉方面。作為神經(jīng)科學(xué)學(xué)家而言，我們并不是不在意鍛煉對心臟和肌肉的益處，我們只是更想知道鍛煉對大腦的好處。”

So the scientists designed a study in mice that specifically measured the brain's response to single bouts of exercise in otherwise sedentary mice that were placed for short periods on running wheels. The mice ran a few kilometers in two hours.

因此，科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)研究。在研究中，一個(gè)靜坐的老鼠被放在旋轉(zhuǎn)的輪子上奔跑一小會(huì)-2個(gè)小時(shí)奔跑幾公里，然后專門研究老鼠的大腦對于這一次鍛煉的反應(yīng)。

The study found that short-term bursts of exercise -- the human equivalent of a weekly game of pickup basketball, or 4,000 steps -- promoted an increase in synapses in the hippocampus. Scientists made the key discovery by analyzing genes that were increased in single neurons activated during exercise.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，短期的鍛煉-相當(dāng)于人類一周打一場籃球比賽或走4000步，會(huì)促進(jìn)海馬體中突觸的增加。通過分析鍛煉過程中被激活的單個(gè)神經(jīng)元中的基因，科學(xué)家們有了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

synapses['s?n?ps]：突觸

One particular gene stood out: Mtss1L. This gene had been largely ignored in prior studies in the brain.

一個(gè)特別的基因顯現(xiàn)了出來：Mtss1L。這個(gè)基因在之前的大腦研究中幾乎被忽略。

"That was the most exciting thing," said co-lead author Christina Chatzi, Ph.D.

聯(lián)合首席作者、博士Christina Chatzi表示：“這是最讓人興奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)。”

The Mtss1L gene encodes a protein that causes bending of the cell membrane. Researchers discovered that when this gene is activated by short bursts of exercise, it promotes small growths on neurons known as dendritic spines -- the site at which synapses form.

Mtss1L基因解碼了一種蛋白質(zhì)，這種蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)造成細(xì)胞膜彎曲。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)該基因被短時(shí)鍛煉激活后，它會(huì)促進(jìn)被稱作樹突棘（突觸形成的地方）的神經(jīng)元的小幅生長。

In effect, the study showed that an acute burst of exercise is enough to prime the brain for learning.

事實(shí)上，研究表明，鍛煉的爆發(fā)力足以提升大腦的學(xué)習(xí)能力。

In effect：實(shí)際上、總之

In the next stage of research, scientists plan to pair acute bouts of exercise with learning tasks to better understand the impact on learning and memory.

在研究的下一階段，科學(xué)家們計(jì)劃將劇烈鍛煉與學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)結(jié)合起來，以更好地了解鍛煉對學(xué)習(xí)和記憶力的影響。

英文來源：科學(xué)日報(bào)     編輯：Susan