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Why people gain weight as they get older

為什么隨著年齡的增加，體重也會增長？

上海譯銳翻譯   2019-9-12    09:26a.m.

Many people struggle to keep their weight in check as they get older. Now new research at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden has uncovered why that is: Lipid turnover in the fat tissue decreases during ageing and makes it easier to gain weight, even if we don't eat more or exercise less than before. The study is published in the journal Nature Medicine.

隨著年紀漸長，許多人都在試圖控制自己的體重。如今，瑞典卡羅林斯卡醫學院的一項新研究發現了這一現象背后的原因：脂肪細胞中的脂代謝會隨著年齡的增加而有所減少，因此即使我們沒有比之前吃更多或鍛煉更少，體重也還是會輕而易舉地蹭蹭上漲。研究結果發表在期刊《自然醫學》中。

The scientists studied the fat cells in 54 men and women over an average period of 13 years. In that time, all subjects, regardless of whether they gained or lost weight, showed decreases in lipid turnover in the fat tissue, that is the rate at which lipid (or fat) in the fat cells is removed and stored. Those who didn't compensate for that by eating less calories gained weight by an average of 20 percent, according to the study which was done in collaboration with researchers at Uppsala University in Sweden and University of Lyon in France.

科學家們在平均13年的時間內研究了54位男性和女性的脂肪細胞。在這段時間內，所有的受試對象，無論體重增加還是減少，都出現脂肪細胞內脂代謝減少的情況。脂代謝是指脂質（或脂肪）在脂肪細胞中被移除并儲存的速度。根據瑞典烏普薩拉大學和法國里昂大學的研究者們所共同開展的一項研究，那些未通過減少攝入卡路里而彌補脂代謝減少的人平均會增重20%。

The researchers also examined lipid turnover in 41 women who underwent bariatric surgery and how the lipid turnover rate affected their ability to keep the weight off four to seven years after surgery. The result showed that only those who had a low rate before the surgery managed to increase their lipid turnover and maintain their weight loss. The researchers believe these people may have had more room to increase their lipid turnover than those who already had a high-level pre-surgery.

研究者們還查看了41位做過減肥手術的女性的脂代謝以及他們的脂代謝是如何在術后4到7年的時間內對維持體重產生影響的。研究結果表明，只有那些在外科手術前脂代謝偏低并在手術后設法增加代謝的人成功保持了體重。研究人員相信，與在術前脂代謝已經處于較高水平的人相比，這些人可能有更大的可能性來增加其脂代謝。

"The results indicate for the first time that processes in our fat tissue regulate changes in body weight during ageing in a way that is independent of other factors," says Peter Arner, professor at the Department of Medicine in Huddinge at Karolinska Institutet and one of the study's main authors. "This could open up new ways to treat obesity."

“結果首次表明，脂肪細胞中的處理過程會在變老過程中對體重變化進行調節，這一調節不會受到其他任何因素的影響”，Peter Arner，卡羅林斯卡醫學院呼丁格醫學系教授、研究項目主要作者之一表示。“這為我們治療肥胖打開了新的大門?！?/p>

Prior studies have shown that one way to speed up the lipid turnover in the fat tissue is to exercise more. This new research supports that notion and further indicates that the long-term result of weight-loss surgery would improve if combined with increased physical activity.

之前的研究已經表明，加速脂肪細胞中脂代謝的一個辦法就是加大訓練量。這項新研究為這一觀念提供了支持并進一步表明，如果能夠與增加體育鍛煉相結合，減肥手術會有更好的持久效果。

"Obesity and obesity-related diseases have become a global problem," says Kirsty Spalding, senior researcher at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Karolinska Institutet and another of the study's main authors. "Understanding lipid dynamics and what regulates the size of the fat mass in humans has never been more relevant."

Kirsty Spalding，卡羅林斯卡醫學院細胞和分子生物學系高級研究員、本研究項目另一位主要作者表示：“肥胖和肥胖有關的疾病已成為全球性的問題。了解脂質的動力學和對人體脂肪大小產生影響的因素從未如此重要?！?/p>