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Why are memories attached to emotions so strong? 為什么與情感有關(guān)的記憶如此強(qiáng)烈？ 上海譯銳翻譯 2020年7月14日 11:26 a.m. Memories linked with strong emotions often become seared in the brain. 與強(qiáng)烈情感有關(guān)的記憶往往會烙印在腦海里。 Most people can remember where they were on 9/11, or what the weather was like on the day their first child was born. Memories about world events on Sept 10, or lunch last Tuesday, have long been erased. 絕大多數(shù)人都能夠回憶起9.11事件發(fā)生時(shí)，自己在哪里，或者當(dāng)自己第一個(gè)孩子出生時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)的天氣情況。有關(guān)9月10號世界發(fā)生了哪些大事或上周二午餐吃了什么的記憶卻早已消失。 Why are memories attached to emotions so strong? 為什么與情感有關(guān)的記憶如此強(qiáng)烈？ "It makes sense we don't remember everything," says René Hen, PhD, professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. "We have limited brain power. We only need to remember what's important for our future wellbeing." 哥倫比亞大學(xué)Vagelos 內(nèi)外科醫(yī)生學(xué)院精神病學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)教授、博士René Hen表示：“我們不會記住所有的事情，這并不難理解。我們的大腦能力有限，我們只需要記住對于我們未來幸福重要的事情。” Fear, in this context, is not just a momentary feeling but a learning experience critical to our survival. When a new situation makes us fearful, the brain records the details in our neurons to help us avoid similar situations in the future, or use appropriate caution. 因此，恐懼不僅是一種暫時(shí)的感覺，更是一種對于我們的生存至關(guān)重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。當(dāng)某個(gè)新情況讓我們感到恐懼，大腦就會在我們的神經(jīng)元中記錄下細(xì)節(jié)，以幫助我們在未來避免類似情況再次出現(xiàn)或采取合適的預(yù)防手段。 What's still a mystery is why these memories, recorded by the brain's hippocampus, become so strong. 這些由大腦海馬所記錄的記憶為什么如此強(qiáng)烈仍然是一個(gè)未解之謎。 To find out, Hen and Jessica Jimenez, an MD/PhD student at Columbia, placed mice into new, frightening environments and recorded the activity of hippocampal neurons that reach out to the brain's fear center (the amygdala). The neurons' activity was also recorded a day later when the mice tried to retrieve memories of the experience. 為了解開謎團(tuán)，哥倫比亞大學(xué)的兩位醫(yī)學(xué)博士Hen和Jessica Jimenez將老鼠放入某個(gè)新的、令其恐懼的環(huán)境中并記錄下海馬神經(jīng)元（延伸到大腦的恐懼中心-杏仁體）的活動狀態(tài)。一天之后，當(dāng)老鼠試圖回憶前一天的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，神經(jīng)元的活動也被記錄了下來。 Unsurprisingly, neurons that respond to the frightening environment send that information to the brain's fear center. 對恐懼環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)的神經(jīng)元將信息發(fā)送至大腦的恐懼中心，這并不讓人感到意外。 "What was surprising was that these neurons were synchronized when the mouse later recalled the memory," Hen says. 讓人感到驚訝的是，這些神經(jīng)元會在老鼠隨后回憶這段經(jīng)歷時(shí)，被同步化，Hen表示。 "We saw that it's the synchrony that is critical to establish the fear memory, and the greater the synchrony, the stronger the memory," Jimenez adds. "These are the types of mechanisms that explain why you remember salient events." Jimenez補(bǔ)充表示：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，同步性是建立恐怖記憶的關(guān)鍵，同步性越大，記憶也就越強(qiáng)烈。這些不同類型的機(jī)制解釋了為什么你會記住那些重大事件。” How and when synchronization occurs is still unknown, but the answer could reveal the inner workings of the brain that create lifelong memories and lead to new treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. 同步是如何以及何時(shí)發(fā)生的仍然屬于未知狀態(tài)，但是答案可能會揭開大腦在形成永生記憶時(shí)內(nèi)部的工作機(jī)理并帶來治療創(chuàng)傷應(yīng)激障礙的新方法。 "In people with PTSD, many similar events remind them of the original frightening situation," Hen says, "and it's possible that synchronization of their neurons has become too strong." 對于患有PTSD的人群而言，許多類似的事件都會讓他們想起最初令人恐懼的場景，Hen表示，這可能是這類人群神經(jīng)元的同步性變得過于強(qiáng)烈。 "We're really trying to dig into the mechanisms of how emotional memories form to find better treatments for people with PTSD and memory disorders in general." 我們正在嘗試了解情感類記憶形成的機(jī)理，以找到更好的、治療PTSD人群和記憶障礙的方法。 來源：科學(xué)日報(bào) 編輯：質(zhì)控部