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10 typical symptoms

COVID-19十大典型癥狀

上海譯銳翻譯     2020-7-15     13:28

Some of the more well-known and commons signs of Covid-19 can be just as dangerous.

Covid-19某些更加為人們所熟悉的以及常見的癥狀同樣具有危險性。

An inability to take a deep breath: Shortness of breath is not usually an early symptom of Covid-19, but it is the most serious. It can occur on its own, without a cough. If your chest becomes tight or you begin to feel as if you cannot breathe deeply enough to fill your lungs with air, that's a sign to immediately call your doctor or a local urgent care, experts say.

無法深呼吸：呼吸短促通常并非是Covid-19的早期癥狀，但它確是最嚴重的癥狀。該癥狀可以不伴隨咳嗽而單獨存在。如果你感覺胸部變緊或開始感覺無法深呼吸時，請立刻聯系醫生或當地緊急醫療救援。

"If the shortness of breath is severe enough, you should call 911," said American Medical Association president Dr. Patrice Harris.

“如果呼吸短促非常嚴重，那么你應該撥打911”，美國醫學協會主席Patrice Harris表示。

Get medical attention immediately, the CDC says, if you experience a "persistent pain or pressure in the chest," or have "bluish lips or face," a possible sign of a lack of oxygen.

CDC表示，如果你感覺“胸部持續疼痛或感到壓迫”或“嘴唇或臉部發紫”，應立刻就醫，因為這些癥狀很可能是缺氧的表現。

A rising temperature: Fever is a key sign of Covid-19. But don't fixate on a number on the thermometer. Many people have a core body temperature that is above or below the typical 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius).

體溫升高：高燒是Covid-19一個重要癥狀。但是，不要盯著溫度計上的溫度，因為許多人的核心體溫會高于或低于常規的98.6華氏度（37攝氏度）。

Most children and adults, however, will not be considered feverish until their temperature reaches 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.7 degrees Celsius).

然而，對于絕大多數兒童和成人而言，只有當體溫達到100華氏度（37.7攝氏度）時，才被認為是發燒。

"There are many misconceptions about fever," said Dr. John Williams, chief of the division of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.

匹茲堡大學匹茲堡兒童醫院醫療中心兒科傳染病科主任John Williams博士表示：“關于發燒，人們有許多誤解。”

"We all actually go up and down quite a bit during the day as much as half of a degree or a degree," Williams said, adding that for most people "99.0 degrees or 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit is not a fever."

“實際上，在一天當中，我們所有人的體溫都會略微上升和下降，體溫的變化幅度最多可達0.5或1度。對于絕大多數人而言，體溫在99.0度或99.5華氏度并非意味著發燒。”

Don't rely on a temperature taken in the morning, Schaffner advised, because temperature varies during the day. Instead, take your temperature in the late afternoon and early evening.

Shaffner建議說：“在早晨所測量的溫度不準，因為溫度會在一天當中波動。相反，應該在黃昏或傍晚時測量溫度。”

"One of the most common presentations of fever is that your temperature goes up in the late afternoon and early evening. It's a common way that viruses produce fever."

“發燒最常見的表現之一就是溫度會在黃昏和傍晚上升，這是病毒導致高燒的常見方式。”

A debilitating cough: Coughing is another common symptom, but it's not just any cough, Schaffner said. The cough is bothersome, one that you feel deep in your chest.

弱咳：咳嗽是另一個常見癥狀，但是它不是普通的咳嗽，Schaffner表示。這種咳嗽很煩人，你感覺咳嗽來自于胸腔內部。

"It's not a tickle in your throat. You're not just clearing your throat. It's not just irritated," Schaffner explained. "It's coming from your breastbone or sternum, and you can tell that your bronchial tubes are inflamed or irritated."

“這種咳嗽不是嗓子癢。你不會只是清嗓子，也不只是發炎，”Schaffner解釋道。這種咳嗽來自于你的胸骨或胸板，你能夠判斷出你的支氣管發炎或受到刺激。

Around 60% of the people infected with Covid-19 experienced a dry, peristent cough, likely from irritated lung tissue, according to studies from China. As the disease worsens, the lungs begin to fill with fluid, which might change the nature of the cough.

根據中國的研究，在感染Covid-19的人群中，大約有60%的人群會出現持續性干咳，這種咳嗽很可能來自發炎的肺部組織。隨著病情加重，肺部開始充滿液體并可能會改變咳嗽的本質。

A?report put out by the World Health Organization in February found over 33% of 55,924 people with laboratory-confirmed cases of Covid-19 coughed up sputum, a thick mucus sometimes called phlegm, from their lungs, which is also characteristic of the common cold or flu.

一篇由世界衛生組織在2月份所發表的報告發現，在55,924名經過實驗室證實患有Covid-19的人群中，有超過33%的人群會從肺里咳痰，痰是一種粘稠的、被稱為粘液質的液體，這也是普通感冒或流行性感冒的特點。

Chills and body aches: 

發冷和身體疼痛：

Not everyone will have such a severe reaction, experts say. Some may have no chills or body aches at all. Others may experience milder flu-like chills, fatigue and achy joints and muscles.

并非所有人都會有嚴重的反應，專家表示。有些人可能完全沒有出現發冷或身體疼痛的情況。其他人也許會出現輕微的類似于流感的發冷，疲憊以及關節和肌肉疼痛。

Of course that makes it difficult to know if you have the flu or have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. One possible sign that you might have Covid-19 is if your symptoms don't improve after a week or so but actually worsen.

當然，這會讓人很難分辨自己到底是患上了流行性感冒還是新型冠狀病毒。可能患上Covid-19的一個可能的現象就是癥狀在一周左右沒有改善，而是加重了。

Overwhelming exhaustion: For some people, extreme fatigue can be an early sign of the novel coronavirus. The WHO report found nearly 40% of the nearly 6,000 people with laboratory-confirmed cases experienced fatigue.

極度疲憊：對于有些人而言，極度疲憊可能是新冠肺炎的早期癥狀。WHO的報告發現，在6000名經過實驗室證實患有新冠肺炎的人群中，有近40%的患者有疲憊感。

Diarrhea and nausea: At first science didn't think gastric issues that often come with the flu applied to Covid-19. After all, this is a respiratory disease. But as more research rolled in and the?virus was found in stool samples, that opinion quickly changed.

腹瀉和惡心：起初，科學家們并不認為往往伴隨流感的胃炎問題會出現在Covid-19上。畢竟，這是一種呼吸性疾病。但是，隨著更多的研究推進，在糞便樣本中也發現了病毒，因此上述觀點被迅速調整。

"In a study out of China where they looked at some of the earliest patients, some 200 patients, they found that digestive or stomach GI (gastrointestinal) symptoms were actually there in about half the patients," Gupta said on CNN's "New Day" news program.

“在一項由中國展開的研究中，研究對象是大約200名Covid-19患者，他們都來自于最早患上Covid-19的一批患者。在研究中，他們發現，大約有一半的患者存在消化或胃部（腸胃）癥狀：，Gupta在CNN的 “New Day”新聞節目中表示。

Researchers have now found that SARS-CoV-2 can infect cells in the intestine and multiply there. That's likely because, like the lungs, the intestinal lining is loaded with ACE2 receptors, the sweet spot where the spokes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus attach and enter the body's cells.

現在，研究人員已經發現，SARS-CoV-2可以感染腸道內的細胞并在那里繁殖。這可能因為，就像在肺部一樣，腸道內膜中裝滿了ACE2接收器，這成為了SARS-CoV-2病毒粘附并進入身體細胞的最佳位置點。

Sore throat, headache and nasal congestion: The early WHO report also found nearly 14% of the almost 6,000 cases of Covid-19 in China had symptoms of headache and sore throat, while almost 5% had nasal congestion.

嗓子痛、頭痛和鼻塞：WHO早期的一篇報告還發現，在中國將近6000名Covid-19患者中，有幾乎14%的患者有頭痛、嗓子痛的癥狀，其中幾乎有5%的患者有鼻塞的癥狀。

While cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing are key red flags of Covid-19, the council recommended headache and sore throat fall into a second tier of symptoms that may trigger doctors to consider testing for Covid-19.

盡管咳嗽、呼吸短促或呼吸困難被認為是Covid-19的典型標志，但是委員會建議將頭痛和嗓子痛列入二級癥狀。二級癥狀可能會使醫生考慮對患者進行Covid-19檢測。

That tier kicks in when patients present with two of the following clinical signs: Chills or shivers, fever, muscle pain, headache, sore throat or new loss of taste and smell. If there is no other more appropriate diagnosis, the guidelines say doctors should report those patients as potentially infected with Covid-19.

當患者出現以下臨床癥狀中的兩項癥狀時：寒冷或寒顫、發燒、肌肉疼痛、頭痛、嗓子痛或味覺和嗅覺失靈時，則進入二級癥狀。如果沒有其他更加合適的診斷結果，則指南建議醫生將這些患者作為潛在的Covid-19感染者進行匯報。

來源：CNN     編輯：質控部