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編者注：

感恩節(jié)(Thanksgiving Day)是美國人民獨(dú)創(chuàng)的一個古老節(jié)日，也是美國人合家歡聚的節(jié)日。 初時(shí)感恩節(jié)沒有固定日期，由美國各州臨時(shí)決定。直到美國獨(dú)立后的1863年，林肯總統(tǒng)宣布感恩節(jié)為全國性節(jié)日 。1941年，美國國會正式將每年11月第四個星期四定為"感恩節(jié)"。感恩節(jié)假期一般會從星期四持續(xù)到星期天。

The story of the first Thanksgiving has been mythologized in countless media, but concrete facts from the day are limited. Almost all the information historians have about the event comes from a letter written by Plymouth Plantation colonist Edward Winslow in December 1621. He wrote of a harvest feast the Pilgrims shared with the native Wampanoag people over three days in late autumn. The meal would have looked unfamiliar to people who associate Thanksgiving with green bean casserole, marshmallow-topped sweet potatoes, and pumpkin pie: Dishes on the menu included venison and wild fowl.

有關(guān)第一個感恩節(jié)的故事已經(jīng)被無數(shù)傳媒報(bào)道所神化。但是，關(guān)于第一個感恩節(jié)的真實(shí)史料卻非常少。歷史學(xué)家所掌握的有關(guān)感恩節(jié)的所有信息幾乎都來自普利茅斯種植園殖民者Edward Winslow在1621年12月所寫的一封信。Edward在信中寫道，清教徒們在秋天快結(jié)束時(shí)與當(dāng)?shù)氐娜f帕諾亞格人（Wampanoag）一同分享了豐收的盛宴，宴會持續(xù)了3天之久。對于將感恩節(jié)與焗烤青豆、棉花糖烤紅薯和南瓜派聯(lián)系起來的人而言，當(dāng)時(shí)的盛宴看上去會有些陌生：菜譜上的菜包括鹿肉和野禽。

We don’t know every item that was served at that celebration, but we do know that many traditional Thanksgiving dishes were probably (or in some cases, definitely) absent. When you sit down to dinner on the fourth Thursday in November, be thankful for these foods that weren’t a supermarket-trip away in 1621.

我們不清楚當(dāng)時(shí)出現(xiàn)在豐收宴會餐桌上的每一道菜，但是我們可以肯定許多傳統(tǒng)的感恩節(jié)菜肴很可能（或在某些情況下肯定）沒有出現(xiàn)在首次的感恩節(jié)上。當(dāng)您在11月份的第四個周四坐下來享用菜肴時(shí)，所感謝的這些食物在1621年時(shí)其實(shí)并不存在。

GREEN BEAN CASSEROLE

焗烤青豆

Much of the produce associated with Thanksgiving wasn’t present at the Pilgrims’ dinner table. That likely includes green beans, and green bean casserole certainly didn’t make an appearance at the first Thanksgiving dinner. The recipe for green beans baked with cream of mushroom soup and topped with french-fried onions was first developed by Campbell’s employee Dorcas Reilly in 1955 for the backs of soup cans. Compared to many “traditional” Thanksgiving dishes, green bean casserole is fairly modern.

大部分與感恩節(jié)有關(guān)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品其實(shí)并沒有出現(xiàn)在清教徒的餐桌上。這些沒有出現(xiàn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品很可能包括青豆。而焗烤青豆肯定沒有出現(xiàn)在首次感恩節(jié)的盛宴中。用蘑菇湯奶油焗烤青豆并在上面撒上法式烤洋蔥的菜譜由Campbell的員工Dorcas Reilly在1955年首次推出并被印在了蘑菇湯罐頭的背面。與許多“傳統(tǒng)的”感恩節(jié)菜肴相比，焗烤青豆屬于非常現(xiàn)代的菜肴。

PUMPKIN PIE

南瓜派

Pumpkin pie wasn’t served for dessert at the first Thanksgiving—nor was any pie, for that matter. The Pilgrims probably didn’t have access to many of the things needed to make pie crust, including butter, flour, and ovens. But that doesn’t mean pumpkin was left out of the meal entirely. The gourd is native to the Americas, and cooks at the first Thanksgiving may have roasted it whole or stewed it in a pot.

南瓜派并沒有作為甜點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在第一個感恩節(jié)-其他派也沒有。當(dāng)時(shí)的清教徒很可能并沒有制作派皮所需要的許多材料，比如黃油、面粉和烤爐。但這并不代表南瓜完全沒有出現(xiàn)在餐桌上。南瓜原產(chǎn)于美洲大陸。第一次感恩節(jié)的廚師可能會把整個南瓜烘熟或?qū)⑵湓阱伬餆踔蟆?/p>

GRAVY

肉汁

No flour also meant no gravy to go with the venison and waterfowl on the table. Though it’s possible the cooks saved drippings from the meat, it wouldn’t have been the traditional, thickened gravy we know today. One sauce that likely appeared on the menu was green sauce, a condiment that was made by cooking down produce like squash, onions, and spinach into a thick goop. Turkey gravy has never sounded so appealing.

沒有面粉也意味著沒有肉汁來搭配餐桌上的鹿肉和水禽。盡管廚師可能會把肉上面的汁水保留下來，但這不是我們今天所熟知的傳統(tǒng)增稠肉汁。當(dāng)時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)在菜單上的一種醬汁是綠醬，這是一種將農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，比如南瓜、洋蔥和菠菜烹飪成濃湯后所形成的調(diào)料。火雞肉汁聽上去從未如此誘人。

Condiment：調(diào)味料

CRANBERRY SAUCE

蔓越莓醬

Another ingredient missing from the Pilgrims’ pantries was sugar. Without it, they wouldn’t have been able to cook down the cranberries that grew in Massachusetts into a sweet sauce. The Wampanoag people were known to harvest the berries from local cranberries bogs and dry them to use in dishes all winter. There weren’t any cranberry bogs in the immediate area of the Plymouth Plantation, however, so the first Thanksgiving may have lacked the fruit—in sauce form or otherwise.

另一個無法在清教徒食品儲藏室中找到的成分就是糖。沒有糖，清教徒肯定無法把生長在馬塞諸塞州的蔓越莓制作成甜甜的醬。據(jù)說，萬帕諾亞格人在當(dāng)?shù)氐穆捷訚傻刂惺斋@了這種漿果并將它們曬干并將其用在冬天的各種菜肴中。普利茅斯種植園的附近并沒有任何蔓越莓沼澤地，因此在第一個感恩節(jié)中，蔓越莓也許并不存在-無論是醬汁形式還是其他形式。

MASHED POTATOES

土豆泥

Potatoes are native to South America, and they had yet to land in New England at the time of the first Thanksgiving in 1621. That’s probably for the best, because what good are mashed potatoes if you can’t make them into a gravy volcano?

土豆原產(chǎn)于南美洲。在1621年第一個感恩節(jié)時(shí)，土豆還沒有進(jìn)入新英格蘭。這可能也是最佳的安排。因?yàn)槿绻炼篃o法被做成肉汁，那么土豆泥還有什么用呢？

APPLE PIE

蘋果派

Without pie crust, apple pie also would have been missing from the inaugural Thanksgiving dinner. The main ingredient was absent as well. Apples still hadn’t made the trip to New England from Europe, but that would soon change. By the mid-1600s, cider was the colonists’ drink of choice.

在沒有派皮的情況下，蘋果派也就沒有出現(xiàn)在首次的感恩節(jié)大餐中。當(dāng)時(shí)也缺乏最主要的原料。蘋果還沒有從歐洲來到英格蘭，但這一形勢很快就有所改變。到了1600年代中期，蘋果汁是殖民者最喜歡的飲品。

WHEAT ROLLS

面包卷

The Pilgrims had no wheat flour for baking traditional bread rolls in 1621. Instead, the first Thanksgiving featured corn bread from Wampanoag cuisine.

在1621年，清教徒并沒有面粉來烘烤傳統(tǒng)的面包卷。取而代之的是，第一次感恩節(jié)的特色面包卷是Wampanoag菜肴中的玉米面包。

MACARONI AND CHEESE

通心粉和奶酪

This southern Thanksgiving staple wasn’t served when the Puritans and the Wampanoags sat down for dinner in 1621. In addition to the lack of ingredients for making pasta, macaroni and cheese wasn’t eaten in America at this time. Thomas Jefferson is credited with popularizing the dish in the U.S. in the 19th century after first trying it in France.

這些具有南方特色的感恩節(jié)主食并沒有出現(xiàn)在1621年清教徒和萬帕諾亞格人的感恩節(jié)餐桌上。除了缺乏制作面條所需要的材料外，當(dāng)時(shí)的美洲還沒有吃過通心粉和奶酪。托馬斯?杰斐遜在法國首次嘗試通心粉和奶酪后，使其在美國也流行了起來。

TURKEY

火雞

That’s right—the food that’s become synonymous with Thanksgiving probably wasn’t served at the original feast; the birds weren’t common game animals at that time. We do know that the dinner guests did indulge in some type of wild fowl: Duck, geese, swans, and carrier pigeons are all more likely possibilities than turkey.

沒錯，代表感恩節(jié)的這道菜當(dāng)時(shí)很可能并沒有出現(xiàn)在第一次的感恩節(jié)盛宴上；當(dāng)時(shí)，火雞還不是常見的獵獲物。有一點(diǎn)我們可能肯定的是，盛宴的來客肯定享用了某些野生禽類：鴨、鵝、天鵝和信鴿都比火雞更有可能出現(xiàn)在首次感恩節(jié)的餐桌上。

SWEET POTATO CASSEROLE

焗紅薯

Sweet potatoes had yet to arrive in New England via the Caribbean in 1621. Mini marshmallows also weren’t available on the Plymouth Plantation.

1621年，紅薯還沒有通過加勒比來到新英格蘭。迷你棉花糖也沒有出現(xiàn)在普利茅斯的種植園。

BREAD STUFFING

面包餡料

Modern stuffing—or dressing—is made from a mixture of cubed bread, spices, veggies, and occasionally meat. The mixture that stuffed the fowl cooked for the first Thanksgiving wouldn’t have included bread. Onions and nuts were the main ingredients of the breadless stuffing the Pilgrims enjoyed.

現(xiàn)代的餡料-或填料是用小面包塊、各類香料、蔬菜和肉（偶爾使用）做成的。這種會在第一次感恩節(jié)時(shí)被塞入禽類的餡料中還沒有面包。洋蔥和堅(jiān)果是當(dāng)時(shí)清教徒所享用的餡料的主要成分。

來源：Mental Floss    編輯&翻譯：譯銳翻譯Sarah