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People who have even a mild case of Covid-19 may have accelerated aging of the brain and other changes to it, according to a new study.

一項新的研究表明，即使是患上新冠肺炎輕癥，人們的大腦也會加速老化并且還會發生其他改變。

The study, published Monday in the journal Nature, is believed to be the largest of its kind. It found that the brains of those who had Covid-19 had a greater loss of gray matter and abnormalities in the brain tissue compared with those who didn't have Covid-19. Many of those changes were in the area of the brain related to the sense of smell.

于周一發表在期刊《自然》上的這篇調查據稱是規模最大的一項研究。該項研究發現，與沒有患新冠肺炎的人相比，得過新冠肺炎的人的大腦灰質流失更多，腦結構也會有異常。許多這些變化出現在與嗅覺相關的腦部區域。

"We were quite surprised to see clear differences in the brain even with mild infection," lead author Gwena?lle Douaud, an associate professor of neurosciences at the University of Oxford, told CNN in an email.

首席作者、牛津大學神經學助教Gwena?lle Douaud在郵件中表示：“即使是新冠肺炎輕癥，患者的大腦還是有非常明顯的差異，這讓我們非常意外。”

Douaud and her colleagues evaluated brain imaging from 401 people who had Covid-19 between March 2020 and April 2021, both before infection and an average of 4? months after infection. They compared the results with brain imaging of 384 uninfected people similar in age, socioeconomics and risk factors such as blood pressure and obesity. Of the 401 infected people, 15 had been hospitalized.

Douaud和她的同事在2020年3月和2021年4月之間評估了401位新冠肺炎患者在感染新冠肺炎之前和感染新冠肺炎平均4.5個月后的大腦圖像。他們將上述患者的大腦圖像與384位未感染新冠肺炎的人進行對比，這384位未感染新冠肺炎的人在年齡以及諸如血壓和肥胖等社會經濟學和風險因素方面與上述的401位新冠肺炎患者類似。在401位感染新冠肺炎的人群中，15位曾住院治療。

The 785 participants were between the ages of 51 and 81 and were all part of the UK Biobank, an ongoing government health database of 500,000 people begun in 2012.

這785位患者的年齡在51歲到81歲之間并且都屬于英國生物樣本庫（UK Biobank）-一個始于2012年并且還在持續更新的政府健康數據庫（含50萬人的數據）。

Douaud explained that it is normal for people to lose 0.2% to 0.3% of gray matter every year in the memory-related areas of the brain as they age, but in the study evaluation, people who had been infected with the coronavirus lost an additional 0.2% to 2% of tissue compared with those who hadn't been infected.

Douaud解釋說，隨著人們的年齡增加，大腦中的灰質每年減少0.2%-0.3%是正常的。但在研究評估中，曾經得過新冠肺炎的人與沒有得過新冠肺炎的人相比，大腦組織還會額外減少0.2%到2%。

In addition to imaging, the participants were tested for their executive and cognitive function using the Trail Making Test, a tool used to help detect cognitive impairments associated with dementia and test a person's brain processing speed and function. The researchers found that those who had the greatest brain tissue loss also performed the worst on this exam.

除了大腦圖像之外，參加者還會接受連線測試（Trail Making Test）以檢測其執行和認知功能。連線測試是一個檢測工具，其可以幫助檢測與癡呆有關的認知受損并測試一個人的大腦處理速度和功能。研究人員發現，大腦組織損失最多的人在測試中的表現也是最差的。

Although the areas of the brain most affected appear to be related to the olfactory system, Douaud said it wasn't clear why that was the case.

盡管受影響最大的大腦區域似乎與嗅覺系統有關，但是Douaud表示，目前兩者之間產生關聯的原因還尚不明確。

"Since the abnormal changes we see in the infected participants' brains might be partly related to their loss of smell, it is possible that recovering it might lead to these brain abnormalities becoming less marked over time. Similarly, it is likely that the harmful effects of the virus (whether direct, or indirect via inflammatory or immune reactions) decrease over time after infection. The best way to find out would be to scan these participants again in one or two years' time," she said.

她表示：“由于我們觀察到感染過新冠肺炎的參與者其大腦的異常變化可能與喪失嗅覺存在部分關聯，那么恢復嗅覺可能會使大腦的異常變化隨著時間推移變得不那么明顯。同樣，病毒的危害（不管是直接的，還是通過炎癥或免疫發生產生的間接危害）可能會在感染后隨著時間的推移而減少。找到這一答案的最佳方式可能是等1或2年再次對上述參與者的腦部進行掃描。”

Douaud added that the researchers anticipate reimaging and testing the participants in one or two years.

Douaud補充表示，研究者們期望等1到2年后再次對參與者進行掃描并檢測。

And while the study finds some association between infection and brain function, it's still not clear why. Previous studies have shown people with significant and repeated loss of smell also have an associated loss of gray matter. However, this study did not evaluate whether people actually had a loss of smell.

盡管研究發現感染和腦部功能之間存在某些關聯，但是產生關聯的原因目前還尚不明確。此前的研究表明，出現明顯的嗅覺喪失和反復喪失嗅覺的人的大腦灰質也會有所減少。但是，該研究并未評估人們是否確實會喪失嗅覺。

The authors cautioned that the findings were only of a moment in time but noted that they "raise the possibility that longer-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection might in time contribute to Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia."

作者提醒表示，研究結果僅僅是暫時的，但是也強調表示，“研究結果意味著從長遠來看，感染SARS-CoV-2可能會導致阿茲海默癥或其他類型的癡呆的可能性增加。”

The findings were noticeable, but they weren't enough to cause alarm, said Dr. Richard Isaacson, a neurologist and director of the Florida Atlantic University Center for Brain Health. Isaacson was not involved in the study.

研究的結果十分令人關注，但是還不足以引起恐慌，Richard Isaacson，佛羅里達大西洋大學腦部健康中心的神經學家和主任表示。Isaacson并未參與該項研究。

Isaacson said the findings were noticeable for clinicians, but he added that the overall impact on individuals was difficult to determine and could be small. "It's really hard to know the long-term clinical impact and quality of life impact in a situation like this," he said.

Isaacson表示，研究結果值得臨床醫師關注。但他補充表示，新冠肺炎對個體的總體影響很難測定而且可能是非常微小。“在類似的情況下，我們很難真正了解其長期的臨床影響以及對生活質量的影響”，他表示。

"The brain may be affected by other mechanisms such as immune, inflammatory, vascular or psychological/behavioral change but not direct infection," said Dr. Alan Carson, a professor of neuropsychiatry at the Center for Clinical Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, who was not involved in the study.

愛丁堡大學臨床大腦科學中心神經精神病學教授Alan Carson表示：“大腦可能會受到其他機制的影響，比如免疫、炎癥、血管或心理/行為的變化，而非直接的感染。”Alan本人并未參與該項研究。

"What this study almost certainly shows is the impact, in terms of neural changes," he said. "But I don't think it helps us understand the mechanisms underpinning cognitive change after Covid infection."

他表示：“這項研究幾乎明確地表明了新冠肺炎在神經變化方面的影響。但是在我看來，這項研究并沒有幫助我們了解到感染新冠肺炎后導致認知發生變化的機制。”

來源：美國電視新聞網

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