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According to Ohio-based plastic surgeon Dr. Brian Dorner, one prevalent misconception about his field is where it gets its name. As he explained in a blog post for his practice, people tend to assume we call it “plastic” surgery simply because breast implants are made from plastic. 

據俄亥俄州的一位整形外科醫生Brian Dorner介紹，關于整形外科，一個常見的誤解就與這個行業的名字來源有關。Brian在博客中介紹自己的工作時表示，人們通常會認為我們之所以將整形手術稱為“plastic”surgery，僅僅是因為乳房填充物就是用塑料做的。

Actually, breast implants are made using silicone shells and are filled with either saline or silicone gel. But not everybody agrees that silicone even counts as a type of plastic: It’s more of a cross between rubber and plastic. But the bigger hole in this purported origin story is that the term plastic surgery predates the invention of breast implants by several decades. In fact, it predates the invention of synthetic plastics, too.

實際上，乳房填充物是用硅膠外殼制作的，里面填充的是鹽水或矽膠凝膠。但是很多人認為硅甚至算不上是一種塑料：硅更介乎于塑料和橡膠之間。但是，這個傳說的起源故事有一個更大的漏洞，那就是plastic surgery這個詞要比乳房填充物早數十年出現。事實上，這個詞比人工塑料發明的時間還要早。

The word plastic derives from the Latin plasticus and the Greek plastikos, meaning “fit for molding, capable of being molded into various forms; pertaining to molding,” per the Online Etymology Dictionary. When plastic first appeared in writing in the late 16th century—spelled plasticke—it referred to the art of molding or sculpting, typically with clay or wax. By the 17th century, people started using it as a term for the artist who did the sculpting, and as a way to describe their finished artwork. Plastic (plus plastique, plastick, and other variations) also became an adjective, describing any malleable material that could be molded.

根據在線詞源學字典的解釋，塑料這個詞來自于拉丁語plasticus和希臘語plastikos，表示“適合成型，能被塑造成各種形狀；與成型有關。”塑料首次在文字中出現是在16世紀末期，當時的寫法是plasticke-指成型或雕塑（通常用黏土或蠟）藝術。到了17世紀，人們開始將plastic一詞用于進行雕塑的藝術家以及用于描述他們完成了的藝術作品。Plastic（除了plastique，plastick 以及其他變體）也變成了一個形容詞，用于描述任何可以塑造的易成型材料。

The first written record of the term plastic surgery comes from an 1837 issue of the medical journal The Lancet, which called it “a branch of surgery in which alone the operating surgeon becomes a real artist.” In other words, plastic didn’t just refer to the fact that the surgeon was working with very moldable materials; it also invoked the longstanding artistic connotations of the word. So did related terms such as rhinoplasty (nose reconstruction), which first started showing up in print back in the 1820s. The Encyclopedia of America described it as “the art of restoring the nose.”

Plastic surgery這個詞作為文字首次出現是在1837年期的醫學期刊《柳葉刀》，在期刊中，這個詞被稱為是“外科手術的一個分支，在這個分支內，進行手術的外科醫生是一位真正的藝術家。”換句話說，塑料并不僅僅是指外科醫生使用非常易成型的材料；它還包含了由來已久的藝術的含義。因此，相關詞語，比如rhinoplasty（鼻修復）首次在19世紀20年代在出版物中出現。《美國大百科全書》將其形容為“恢復鼻子的藝術。”

While plastic surgery didn’t get its modern title until the 19th century, people had been experimenting with bodily remodeling for at least a few thousand years before then. In Egypt circa 1200 BCE, for example, Ramses II got a postmortem nose job.

盡管plastic surgery直到19世紀才擁有一個現代化的表達，人們至少在數年前之前就一直嘗試進行身體的重塑。比如，大約公元前1200年前，在埃及，拉美西斯二世就在死后接受了鼻部修復。

原文來源：Mental Floss

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